Water damage occurs to goods through:

• storms or rough seas
• failure of watertight seals
• leaks or holes in containers
• lorries with porous covers
• failure of door joints

Condensation or moisture can be due to :

• variations in temperature (changes in climate on long journeys)
• humidity
• leaking of merchandise itself
• absence or insufficiency of drying products in the containers.

Flooding due to rivers overflowing their banks, heavy rains or failure of local drainage systems in areas where goods are stored during transit.

Note : The newer container vessels without decks have increased capacities, but this considerably increases the risk of water damage, as large waves and swells can more easily penetrate the hold.